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831 So. 2d 253

Docket No. 3D-01-1849.

Thomas v. State

Rooney Lee THOMAS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee.

District Court of Appeal of Florida

Decided November 27, 2002.

District Court of Appeal of Florida · decided 2002-11-27

Cited by 3 later decisions — most recently May 2006

3 state decisions

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“An incorrect jury instruction on the defense of justifiable use of deadly and non-deadly force constitutes fundamental error if there is a reasonable possibility that the instruction may have led to the conviction.”

quoted by 3 later decisions, including Rich v. State, 883 So. 2d 876 - Dunnaway v. State

“the defendant's theory of defense was justifiable force.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 933 So. 2d 1155 - Martinez v. State

Relies on 516 So. 2d 1048 - Pieczynski v. State · Rodriguez v. State

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 2002-11-27

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1Bennett H. Brummer, Public Defender, and Howard K. Blumberg, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

¶2Richard E. Doran, Attorney General, and Erin K. Zack, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.

¶3Before LEVY, GERSTEN, and GODERICH, JJ.

¶4PER CURIAM.

¶5Rooney Lee Thomas ("defendant") appeals his conviction and sentence for aggravated battery. We reverse because the trial court erred in its instructions to the jury.

¶6An incorrect jury instruction on the defense of justifiable use of deadly and non-deadly force constitutes fundamental error if there is a reasonable possibility that the instruction may have led to the conviction. See Pollock v. State, 818 So.2d 654 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002); Pieczynski v. State, 516 So.2d 1048 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987). *254 Such an error is compounded where the prosecutor emphasizes the lack of a threat of imminent harm during closing arguments. See Pollock v. State, 818 So.2d 654 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002).

¶7Here, the defendant's theory of defense was justifiable force. However, the instructions read to the jury contained incorrect statements of the law regarding this affirmative defense. These erroneous instructions could have misled the jury and there is a reasonable possibility that these instructions led to the defendant's conviction.

¶8The instructions, in conjunction with the prosecutor's contention that no threat of imminent harm existed, acted to negate the defendant's theory of defense. Due to these fundamental errors, the defendant's sentence and conviction must be reversed and the defendant is entitled to a new trial. See Pollock v. State, 818 So.2d 654 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002).

¶9Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

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