DCD Programs, Ltd. v. Leighton’s Empirical Analysis
833 F.2d 183 · 1987
Citation profile
75 federal appellate · 37 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 261 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc. (1992), Moore v. Kayport Package Express, Inc. (1989)
75 federal appellate · 37 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Foman v. Davis · Alder v. United States · Smith v. Harmsen · Cosoff v. Rodman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 261 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“shall be freely given when justice so requires.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Rule 15's policy of favoring amendments to pleadings should be applied with 'extreme liberality,”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Jones v. Bates · V. Walter“the complaint could not be saved by any amendment.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.