Hay v. Waldron’s Empirical Analysis
834 F.2d 481 · 1987
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently July 2009 · most notably Jackson v. Cain (1989), Michenfelder v. Sumner (1988)
19 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 636
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Haines v. Kerner · Bell v. Wolfish · Hudson v. Palmer · Rizzo v. Goode
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Hay stated: When reviewing policies designed to preserve internal order, discipline and security at prison, courts should accord broad deference to prison administrators regarding reasonableness of the scope, manner, place and the justification for a particular policy ... If a policy is reasonably related to legitimate security objectives and there is no substantial evidence to indicate that prison officials have exaggerated their response to security considerations, courts should ordinarily defer to prison administrators’ expertise.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Esparza v. Diaz · Williams v. Price“The test of reasonableness under the Fourth Amendment is not capable of precise definition or mechanical application. In each case it requires a balancing of the need for the particular search against the invasion of personal rights that the search entails. Courts must consider the scope of the particular intrusion, the manner in which it is conducted, the justification for initiating it, and the place in which it is conducted.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“We are required, as a matter of both common sense and law, to accord prison administrators great deference and flexibility in carrying out their responsibilities to the public and to the inmates under their control, including deference to the authorities’ determination of the “reasonableness of the scope, the man ner, the place and the justification for a particular policy.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.