Combs v. Richardson’s Empirical Analysis
838 F.2d 112 · 1988
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 7 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 211 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2017 · most notably Grogan v. Garner (1991), Varat Enterprises Inc First Union Commercial Corporation v. Nelson Mullins Riley and Scarborough (1996)
16 federal appellate · 7 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 11 U.S.C. § 523
Relies on Allen v. McCurry · Montana v. United States · Brown III v. Felsen · Gleason v. Thaw · Griffin v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 211 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The Bankruptcy Code is silent as to the standard of proof necessary to establish the exceptions to discharge in § 523. In the face of this silence, courts may not imply a higher standard than the preponderance standard normally applied in civil proceedings.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(2) for money, property, services, or an extension, renewal, or refinancing of credit, to the extent obtained by— (A) false pretenses, a false representation, or actual fraud, other than a statement respecting the debtor’s or an insider’s financial condition: ... (6) for willful and malicious injury by the debtor to another entity or to the property of another entity.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) ■ the issue sought to be precluded [was] the same as that involved in the prior action, (2) that issue [was] actually litigated, (3) it [was] determined by a valid and final judgment, and (4) the determination. [was] essential to the prior judgment.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.