Spangle v. Valley Forge Sewer Authority’s Empirical Analysis
839 F.2d 171 · 1988
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 13 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 47 later decisions — most recently October 2015 · most notably Brewer v. Quaker State Oil Refining Corp. (1995), White v. Westinghouse Electric Co. (1988)
13 federal appellate · 13 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 621 (§ 2 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 623 (§ 4 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967)
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Japan Whaling Ass'n v. American Cetacean Society · Chipollini v. Spencer Gifts, Inc. · White v. Dugger · Maxfield v. Sinclair International
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 47 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The defendant may show that the plaintiff can raise no genuine issue of fact as to one or more elements of the plaintiff's prima facie case. The defendant may also introduce evidence of nondiscriminatory animus and show that the plaintiff can raise no genuine issue of fact as to whether the proffered reason is a pretext for discrimination.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In order to establish a constructive discharge, the plaintiff must establish that the employer knowingly permitted conditions of discrimination so intolerable that a reasonable person would have felt compelled to resign.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.