United States v. Funches’s Empirical Analysis
84 F.3d 249 · 1996
Citation profile
31 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 47 later decisions — most recently May 2019 · most notably United States v. Moore (1997), United States v. Newman (1998)
31 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Olano · Neil v. Biggers · Stovall v. Denno · Manson v. Brathwaite · Foster v. California
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 47 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First, the defendant must establish that the identification procedure was unreasonably suggestive. Second, if the defendant establishes that the procedure was unduly suggestive, we determine whether the identification, viewed under the totality of the circumstances, is nonetheless reliable.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The defendant must first establish that the identification procedure was unnecessarily suggestive. If the defendant satisfies this burden, the court considers whether, viewed under a totality of the circumstances, the identification is reliable despite the suggestive procedure.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the primary evil to be avoided is a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.