United States v. Bates’s Empirical Analysis
84 F.3d 790 · 1996
Citation profile
66 federal appellate · 1 district · 21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 125 later decisions — most recently December 2020 · most notably Dickerson v. Mcclellan (1996), United States v. Spikes (1998)
66 federal appellate · 1 district · 21 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 3109 · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. United States · Miller v. United States · Swansboro Country, Inc. v. Lumberman's Mortgage Co. · Wilson v. Arkansas · Mayers v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 125 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[e]vidence that firearms are within a residence, by itself, is not sufficient to create an exigency to officers when executing a warrant.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he mere possibility or suspicion that a party is likely to dispose of evidence when faced with the execution of a search warrant is not sufficient to create an exigency. Nor is the generalized and often recognized fear that destruction of evidence is an inherent possibility during the execution of a warrant adequate grounds to find exigent circumstances . . . .”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“may break open any outer or inner door or window of a house, or any part of a house, or anything therein, to execute a search warrant if, after notice of his authority and purpose, he is refused admittance[.]”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.