Wrigley v. Greanias’s Empirical Analysis
842 F.2d 955 · 1988
Citation profile
9 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Elrod v. Burns · Branti v. Finkel
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“... the right the official is alleged to have violated must have been “clearly established” in a more particularized, and hence more relevant, sense: The contours of the right must be sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would un derstand that what he is doing violates that right.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“whether the legal norms governing [the government official's] behavior were clearly established at the time of the challenged actions.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Upton v. Thompson
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.