United States v. Campbell’s Empirical Analysis
843 F.2d 1089 · 1988
Citation profile
76 federal appellate · 2 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 98 later decisions — most recently June 2009 · most notably United States v. Chaidez (1990), United States v. Beck (1998)
76 federal appellate · 2 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 98 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[O]fficers must be acting on facts directly relating to the suspect or the suspect's conduct and not just on a `hunch' or on circumstances which `describe a very broad category of predominantly innocent travelers'”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[wjhether reasonable suspicion or probable cause exists to justify a seizure is a mixed question of fact and law. The findings with respect to the historical facts are reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard; the ultimate conclusion, however, is subject to de novo review.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Law enforcement officers do not violate the fourth amendment by merely approaching an individual on the street or in another public place by asking him if he is willing to answer some questions [and] by putting questions to him.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.