Volk v. Coler’s Empirical Analysis
845 F.2d 1422 · 1988
Citation profile
71 federal appellate · 6 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 150 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2020 · most notably Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic (1993), New York State National Organization for Women v. Terry (1989)
71 federal appellate · 6 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Morrissey v. Brewer · Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill · Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 150 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Sec. 1985(3) extends ... to conspiracies to discriminate against persons based on sex, religion, ethnicity or political loyalty.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“an equal protection plaintiff therefore need not prove a discriminatory policy against an entire class; discrimination against the plaintiff because of her membership in the class is by itself enough.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“alleged numerous acts undertaken by several defendants”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.