Ruffin v. Dugger’s Empirical Analysis
848 F.2d 1512 · 1988
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Wainwright v. Sykes · Lockett v. Ohio · Enmund v. Florida · Francis v. Franklin · Rogers v. Richmond
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“not entitled to a new sentencing hearing if the Lockett error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Knight v. Dugger“[t]he mitigating circumstances which you may consider if established by the evidence are these ...,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Jones v. Dugger
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.