Ryan v. Armstrong’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

6 federal appellate · 3 district ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “'the relationship between the need for the use of force and the amount of force used; the extent of the plaintiff's injury; any effort made by the officer to temper or to limit the amount of force; the severity of the security problem at issue; the threat reasonably perceived by the officer; and whether the plaintiff was actively resisting.' "”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Cravener v. Shuster · Wilson v. Lamp

2. “the facts and circumstances of each particular case, including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Wilson v. Lamp

3. “must assess the actions of each officer 'from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, including what the officer knew at the time, not with the 20/20 vision of hindsight.'”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Lombardo v. Saint Louis City