Williams v. Lane’s Empirical Analysis
851 F.2d 867 · 1988
Citation profile
44 federal appellate · 8 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 142 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably Giano v. Senkowski (1995), Cook v. Niedert (1998)
44 federal appellate · 8 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · United States v. United States Gypsum Co. · Wolff v. McDonnell
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 142 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1. whether a valid, rational connection exists between the regulation and a legitimate government interest behind the rule; 2. whether there are alternative means of exercising the right in question that remain available to prisoners; 3. the impact accommodation of the asserted constitutional right would have on guards and other inmates and on the allocation of prison resources; and 4. although the regulation need not satisfy a least restrictive alternative test, the existence of obvious, easy alternatives may be evidence that the regulation is not reasonable.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(u)nequal treatment among inmates ... is justified if it bears a rational relation to legitimate penal interest [sic]”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Beatty v. H · Murphy v. Raoul“Prisoners claiming a due process violation under the Fourteenth Amendment must demonstrate that they have been deprived of a protected liberty or property interest by arbitrary government action. Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 223-224 , 96 S.Ct. 2532, 2537-2538 , 49 L.Ed.2d 451 . These interests may arise from the Constitution, see Vitek v. Jones, 445 U.S. 480, 493-494 , 100 S.Ct. 1254, 1263-1264 , 63 L.Ed.2d 552 ; cf. Newbury v. Prisoner Review Board, 791 F.2d 81, 85 (7th Cir.1986), statutes, see Greenholtz v. Inmates of Neb. Penal & Correctional Complex, 442 U.S. 1, 7-11 , 99 S.Ct. 2100, 2103-2106 , 60 L.Ed.2d 668 ; Walker v. Prisoner Review Board, 769 F.2d 396, 400 (7th Cir.1985), certiorari denied, 474 U.S. 1065 , 106 S.Ct. 817 , 88 L.Ed.2d 791 ; but see Harris v. Fleming, 839 F.2d 1232 (7th Cir.1988) (prisoners ordinarily have no liberty or property interests in receiving or retaining a job while in prison); Toney-El v. Franzen, 777 F.2d 1224, 1226-1227 (7th Cir.1985) (where state remedies are adequate, inmate has no constitutionally protected liberty interest in early release despite state statute affording good time credits), certiorari denied, 476 U.S. 1178 , 106 S.Ct. 2909 , 90 L.Ed.2d 994 , and administrative regulations, see Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460, 471-472 , 103 S.Ct. 864, 871-872 , 74 L.Ed.2d 675 ; Fleury v. Clayton, 847 F.2d 1229, 1230, 1232 (7th Cir.1988); cf. Mathews v. Fairman, 779 F.2d 409, 414-415 (7th Cir.1985) (regulation on administrative transfers”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.