Dukes v. Deaton’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

4 federal appellate ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 20 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “weigh the quantum of force employed against the severity of the crime at issue; whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others; and whether the suspect actively resisted arrest or attempted to evade arrest by flight.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. United States v. Brown · United States v. Philip N. Antico

2. “a plaintiff may not amend her complaint through argument in a brief opposing summary judgment.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Collier v. Harland Clarke Corp. · 301 F. Supp. 3d 1150 - Clarke v. Tannin, Inc.

3. “the contours of a right are sufficiently clear that every reasonable official would have understood that what he is doing violates that right.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. King v. King