Stephens v. Degiovanni’s Empirical Analysis
852 F.3d 1298 · 2017
Citation profile
8 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions — most recently May 2025
8 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1367 · 28 U.S.C. § 1738 · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Terry v. Ohio · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · Graham v. Connor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he nature and extent of physical injuries sustained by a plaintiff”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sebastian v. Ortiz · Hinson v. Bias“[w]e have repeatedly ruled that a police officer violates the Fourth Amendment, and is denied qualified immunity, if he or she uses gratuitous and excessive force against a suspect who is under control, not resisting, and obeying commands.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sebastian v. Ortiz“Because this standard establishes no bright line, qualified immunity applies unless application of the standard would inevitably lead every reasonable officer in [the officer's] position to conclude the force was unlawful.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sebastian v. Ortiz
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.