United States v. Lowenberg’s Empirical Analysis
853 F.2d 295 · 1988
Citation profile
50 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 61 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Rocha (1990), United States v. Diaz-Carreon (1990)
50 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1952
Relies on Berger v. United States · United States v. Young · Sherman v. United States · Mathews v. United States · Mansion House Center South Redevelopment Co. v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 61 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The *1216 prosecutor should and must perform his duties vigorously, and may, at times, do so even zealously; what he may not do is permit his ambitious desire to obtain a conviction to impinge upon the integrity he must maintain as a representative of the United States.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“To determine whether the argument affected the defendant's substantial rights, we examine (1) the magnitude of the statement's prejudice, (2) the effect of any cautionary instructions given, and (3) the strength of the evidence of the defendant's guilt.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“not [merely] the impropriety of the prosecutor's remarks but whether these remarks were so inflammatory that they entitle the defendant to a new trial”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.