State v. Middleton’s Empirical Analysis
1993
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 35 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently June 2018 · most notably United States v. Jamison (2007), State v. Kelley (1997)
1 federal appellate · 35 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Escobedo v. Illinois · Berkemer v. McCarty · Colorado v. Connelly
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Our decision is not intended to hamper the traditional function of police officers in investigating crime_ [G]eneral questioning of citizens in the fact-finding process is not affected by our holding. It is an act of responsible citizenship for individuals to give whatever information they may have to aid in law enforcement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Norton · State v. Matheson“This argument misapprehends what is meant by “deprived of his freedom.” Defendant was not under arrest or restraint by [the officer] or any other law enforcement officer. Defendant could have stopped [the officer’s] interview at any time and directed [the officer] to leave the room. Because the defendant was free to terminate the interview and require [the officer] to leave, the coercive aspects of a custodial interrogation were not present.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Seibert“A policeman’s unarticulated plan has no bearing on the question whether a suspect was “in custody” at a particular time; the only relevant inquiry is how a reasonable man in the suspect’s position would have understood his situation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Brooks
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.