Del v. Edwards’s Empirical Analysis
855 F.2d 1148 · 1988
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 24 later decisions — most recently December 2014
9 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 608 (§ 408 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 671 (§ 471 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 675 (§ 475 of the Social Security Act of 1935)
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority · Atascadero State Hospital v. Scanlon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 24 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The ultimate test is whether a “reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right.” [quoting Anderson, 483 U.S. at 640 , 107 S.Ct. 3034 , 97 L.Ed.2d 523 ]. The test is not whether a reasonable official would understand that he ultimately faces possible liability. Under the latter test, an official would be accorded decision making protection not only when the right is not clearly established, but also when the right is clearly established but the question of whether the individual has a private right of action for damages is unclear. Such broad protection is unnecessary to protect the integrity of the decision-making process; if the right is clearly established so that a reasonable official would understand how the law requires him to act, the official will know what to do to avoid possible liability.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“much in the nature of a contract: in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions. The legitimacy of Congress’ power to legislate under the spending power thus rests on whether the State voluntarily and knowingly accepts the terms of the ‘contract.’ ... [Thus,] if Congress intends to impose a condition on the grant of federal moneys, it must do so unambiguously.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“In each case, reasonable efforts will be made (A) prior to the placement of a child in foster care, to prevent or eliminate the need for removal of the child from his home, and (B) to make it possible for the child to return to his home.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.