Estes v. Dick Smith Ford, Inc.’s Empirical Analysis
856 F.2d 1097 · 1988
Citation profile
95 federal appellate · 11 district · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 146 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably Rendine v. Pantzer (1995), 50 Cal. 4th 512 - Reid v. Google, Inc. (2010)
95 federal appellate · 11 district · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 621 (§ 2 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · United States Postal Service Board of Governors v. Aikens · Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 146 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“blanket evidentiary exclusions can be especially damaging in employment discrimination cases,”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“circumstantial proof of discrimination typically includes unflattering testimony about the employer's history and work practices”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““... there is little probative value in the EEOC’s conclusory statements regarding the same evidence [presented to the jury]. To admit the report under these circumstances would amount to admitting the opinion of an expert witness as to what conclusions the jury should draw, even though the jury had the opportunity and the ability to draw its own conclusions from the evidence.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.