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856 S.W.2d 732

36 Tex.Sup.Ct.J. 1136

Wornick Co. v. Casas

Texas Supreme Court

Decided June 30, 1993

Texas Supreme Court · decided 1993-06-30

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“Recognition of a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress in a workplace environment has usually been limited to cases involving a pattern of deliberate, repeated harassment over a period of time.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including GTE Southwest, Inc. v. Bruce

Relies on East Line & Red River Railroad v. Scott · Twyman v. Twyman · Boyles v. Kerr

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1993-06-30

How this case has been cited

Cited by 281 later decisions — most recently October 2017 · most notably Randall's Food Markets, Inc. v. Johnson (1995), Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel (1999)

18 federal appellate · 212 state decisions

1680199320002010decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

DOGGETT, Justice,

¶1concurring.

¶2Diana Casas is outraged that she was fired as the Director of Human Resources for Wornick Co., despite a series of excellent job evaluations, the last of which came *738shortly before her dismissal and described her as “one of [the] company’s best resources.” Under Texas law, much more is required to establish a cause of action. The employment-at-will doctrine permitting an employee to be fired for some reason or no reason is well established. See East Line & R.R.R. Co. v. Scott, 72 Tex. 70, 10 S.W. 99 (1888). An employee cannot circumvent that doctrine by simply claiming that a lawful dismissal was emotionally stressful. Undoubtedly, most terminations are upsetting.

¶3In the course of a separate “assault on the right to privacy in Texas,” the majority has, however, sought to reach out far beyond any reasonable protection of the employment-at-will doctrine with a

restrictive interpretation of “outrageous,” [so that] even an employer’s admission to having falsely advertised that an employee was a thief would not be viewed as sufficiently “intolerable” to justify legal recourse....
⅜ ⅝ 9)e
[O]nce properly terminated, an employee can thereafter be blacklisted by deliberate falsehoods.

¶4Diamond Shamrock Refining and Mktg. Co. v. Mendez, 844 S.W.2d 198, 219 & n. 19 (Tex.1992) (Doggett, J., dissenting).1

¶5Despite the overwriting in Mendez, there are a few circumstances in which a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress would be appropriate in an employment dismissal context. Though the majority obviously thinks otherwise, evidence, for example, that an employer falsely and knowingly accused an employee of criminal misconduct — behavior that would in any other circumstance be actionable— should not be immunized from liability simply because it occurred in an employment context.

¶6Here Diana Casas basically complains of the fact of her termination and the basis thereof; she failed to provide any summary judgment evidence of outrageous independent conduct or anything else of legal significance to distinguish her firing from any ordinary termination. Though she apparently had a subjective belief that her dismissal was related to her knowledge of coworker dishonesty, she never reported this to anyone nor did she attempt to make any claims either here or in the court of appeals that she was a “whistleblower,” as I have described that justified exception to the employment-at-will doctrine in Winters v. Houston Chronicle Publ. Co., 795 S.W.2d 723, 725 (Tex.1990) (Doggett, J., concurring). See also Michael J. McKiernan, Protection for Private Employee Whistleblowers in Texas? 54 Tex.B.J. 667 (1991) (discussing concurrence’s “guidance to both employers and employees by defining the elements of a [whistleblower] cause of action”); David M. Feldman, Maretta C. Toedt, and Robin W. Coopwood, Employment-at-Will in Texas: When and How Will the Whistle Blow? 10 Corporate Counsel Rev. 119 (1991) (appropriately “ad-vis[ing] [employers] to pay heed to the elements set forth [in the concurrence]”).

¶7Accordingly, I concur in today’s judgment but not the opinion.

¶8Justice GAMMAGE joins in this concurring opinion.

¶9. Though eager here and in Mendezto declare as a matter of law that certain conduct is not outrageous, the majority is obviously unwilling to declare conduct, no matter how egregious, legally outrageous. See Boyles v. Kerr, 855 S.W.2d 593, 611 (Tex.1993) (refusing to find outrageous the surreptitious videotaping of a woman during sexual intercourse and subsequent showing of the tape to others); Twyman v. Twyman, 855 S.W.2d 619 (Tex.1993) (remanding for trial issue of whether man’s insistence that a prior rape victim engage in bondage activities was outrageous).

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