Haley v. Gross’s Empirical Analysis
86 F.3d 630 · 1996
Citation profile
58 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 109 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably Knox v. State of Indiana (1996), Estate of Cole Pardue v. Fromm (1996)
58 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Estelle v. Gamble · Farmer v. Brennan · New Jersey v. New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 109 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] prison official cannot be found liable under the Eighth Amendment for denying an inmate humane conditions of confinement unless the official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety; the official must be aware of facts from which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the inference.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Deliberate indifference in the prison context requires: “First, the danger to the inmate must be objectively serious, posing a substantial risk of serious harm. Second, the prison official must have a sufficiently culpable stated of mind — one of ‘deliberate indifference’ to inmate health or safety.” Haley, 86 F.3d at 640 -41 (citing Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834 , 114 S.Ct. at 1977 ).... “[I]t is not enough that the official ‘should have known’ of a substantial risk or that a reasonable officer in the situation would have known of the risk.” Id. (quoting Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837 , 114 S.Ct. at 1979 ).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'[d]eliberate indifference, i.e., the subjective intent to cause harm, cannot be inferred from a prison guard's failure to act reasonably.' " Id. at 649 (quoting Gibbs v. Franklin , 49 F.3d 1206 , 1208 (7th Cir. 1995) ). But in Haley v. Gross , the Seventh Circuit stated, "To the extent that any language in our prior cases may have suggested that a plaintiff inmate making a deliberate indifference claim must establish that prison officials intended the harm that ultimately transpired, those statements do not accurately state the law in this circuit post Farmer v. Brennan .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.