86 N.J. Super. 159 - State v. Roberts’s Empirical Analysis
1965
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 87 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 99 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2017 · most notably Deck v. Missouri (2005), Loux v. United States (1968)
6 federal appellate · 87 state decisions — followed in 16 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Turpin v. Warden of the Green Haven Prison · Struck v. United States · People v. Harrington · State v. McKay · Hall v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 99 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]n any case where the trial judge, in the exercise of sound discretion determines that the defendant must be handcuffed or shackled, it is of the essence that he instruct the jury in the clearest and most emphatic terms that it give such restraint no consideration whatever in assessing the proofs and determining guilt.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“on which an appellate court can determine if the trial judge has properly exercised his discretion, i.e., whether there were reasonable grounds for apprehension as to defendant's conduct.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“It may be doubted whether any jury, even with the best of cautionary instructions, can ever dismiss from its mind that the accused has appeared before it in handcuffs or chains. His being restrained must carry obvious implications even to the most fairminded of juries. [ Roberts, supra, 86 N.J.Super. at 168 , 206 A. 2d 200 .]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.