Smith v. Endell’s Empirical Analysis
860 F.2d 1528 · 1988
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently January 2025 · most notably Clark v. Murphy (2003), 587 So. 2d 848 - Holland v. State (1991)
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 11 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Edwards v. Arizona · Brewer v. Williams · Michigan v. Mosley · Miller v. Fenton
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Can I talk to a lawyer? At this point, I think maybe you're looking at me as a suspect, and I should talk to a lawyer. Are you looking at me as a suspect?”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The Edwards rule seeks to `maintain a delicate balance between ensuring that suspects are properly insulated against police overreaching while allowing the law enforcement community to perform its duties effectively.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Arnold v. Dl Runnels“Not only must all questioning stop when a suspect expresses his desire for counsel, but questioning can be resumed only if the suspect himself initiates further communication.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.