Delgado v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
861 F.2d 1489 · 1988
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably Ruiz v. Hull (1998), Duke v. Cleland (1993)
17 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1971 (Civil Rights Act of 1957) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973A (§ 3 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973B (§ 4 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973C (§ 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973L (§ 14 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Buckley v. Valeo · Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Williams v. Rhodes · Anderson v. Celebrezze
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““No state action link exists between the proponents of the English language petition and the state statutory scheme. The state does not initiate the petition, does not draft the language of the petition, does not address the merits of the proposal and does not participate in any way in the circulation of the petition or in the collection of signatures. Rather, all of this action is taken by private citizens. The state’s responsibility is to ensure that the petition meets the requirements of law and will fairly present the proposition that may or may not be placed before the electorate. Such regulation is not sufficient to transpose such private conduct into state action. It is only after a petition is successfully subscribed to that it becomes a matter to be put to a vote — a part of the electoral process.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Duke v. Cleland · Duke v. Cleland“A jurisdiction required to provide minority language materials is only required to publish in the language of the applicable language minority group materials distributed to or provided for the use of the electorate generally. Such materials include, for example, ballots, sample ballots, informational materials, and petitions.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Padilla v. Lever“(a) English is the official language of the State of Florida. (b) The legislature shall have the power to enforce this section by appropriate legislation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Ruiz v. Hull
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.