United States v. Silverman’s Empirical Analysis
861 F.2d 571 · 1988
Citation profile
109 federal appellate · 9 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 193 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably United States v. Sepulveda (1993), United States v. Ramos (1991)
109 federal appellate · 9 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1952 · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2111
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Wong Sun v. United States · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · United States v. United States Gypsum Co. · United States v. Matlock
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 193 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“we must accept the lower court's ruling unless, after reviewing the entire record, we are 'left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.'”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“be convinced 'by a preponderance of the evidence that the fact in question exists.'”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“(1) from the defendant's behavior to flight; (2) from flight to consciousness of guilt; (3) from consciousness of guilt to consciousness of guilt concerning the crime charged; and (4) from consciousness of guilt concerning the crime charged to actual guilt of the crime charged.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.