Ciolino v. Gikas’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

4 federal appellate · 7 district ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 16 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “was not given a chance to submit peacefully to arrest before significant force was used to subdue him”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Gray v. Cummings · Heredia v. Roscoe

2. “(a) whether the legal contours of the right in question were sufficiently clear that a reasonable officer would have understood that what he was doing violated the right, and (b) whether in the particular factual context of the case, a reasonable officer would have understood that his conduct violated the right.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Mercurio v. Town of Sherborn · 308 F. Supp. 3d 509 - Alston v. Town of Brookline

3. “(1) whether the facts alleged or shown by the plaintiff make out a violation of a constitutional right; and (2) if so, whether the right was 'clearly established' at the time of the defendant's alleged violation.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Mercurio v. Town of Sherborn · 308 F. Supp. 3d 509 - Alston v. Town of Brookline