Gomez’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently February 2018 · most notably Jenkins v. Red Clay Consolidated School District Board of Education (1993), Vecinos de Barrio Uno v. City of Holyoke (1995)
6 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Pullman-Standard v. Swint · Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. · Thornburg v. Gingles · City of Mobile v. Bolden · White v. Regester
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision in a manner which results in a denial or abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in section 1973b(f)(2) of this title, as provided in subsection (b) of this section. (b) A violation of subsection (a) of this section is established if, based on the totality of the circumstances, it is shown that the political processes leading to nomination or election in the State or political subdivision are not equally open to participation by members of a class of citizens protected by subsection (a) of this section in that its members have less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice. The extent to which members of a protected class have been elected to office in the State or political subdivision is one circumstance which may be considered: Provided, That nothing in this section establishes a right to have members of a protected class elected in numbers equal to their proportion in the population.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he inquiry is essentially whether the minority group has expressed clear political preferences that are distinct from those of the majority.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“C. The non-Latino majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it to usually defeat the Latino minority’s preferred candidate.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.