Stevens v. Gay’s Empirical Analysis
864 F.2d 113 · 1989
Citation profile
8 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently November 2013 · most notably Nolin v. Douglas County (1990), Miller v. King
8 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on Foman v. Davis · Edelman v. Jordan · Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · Kentucky v. Graham · Hans v. State of Louisiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a party may amend the party's pleading only by leave of court or by written consent of the adverse party; and leave shall be freely given when justice so requires.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“a defendant has not been prevailed against, either because of legal immunity or on the merits, Sec. 1988 does not authorize a fee award against that defendant.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the Eleventh Amendment does not prohibit a plaintiff from suing state officials in their official capacities for prospective injunctive relief.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miller v. King
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.