Foster v. Walsh’s Empirical Analysis
864 F.2d 416 · 1988
Citation profile
55 federal appellate · 1 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 118 later decisions — most recently December 2025 · most notably Talley v. Bravo Pitino Restaurant, Ltd. (1995), Gooden v. Howard County (1992)
55 federal appellate · 1 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · Pierson v. Ray
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 118 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It cannot seriously be argued that an Ohio municipal court is indistinguishable from the municipal corporation in which it sits. The Akron Municipal Court is part of the Ohio state court system, established by the Ohio state legislature. Ohio Rev.Code § 1901.01. It is subject to the supervision of the Ohio Supreme Court. Ohio Const., Art. IV, § 5. The municipal court may not be abolished by the city council, nor may the council expand or restrict the court’s jurisdiction .... The territorial jurisdiction of the Akron Municipal Court is not coextensive with the city limits of Akron. Ohio Rev.Code § 1901.02(B). The employees of the Akron Municipal Court are not city employees subject to the authority of the Akron Civil Service Commission.... ””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“from suit on claims arising out of the performance of judicial or quasi-judicial functions.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[w]hether an act is judicial in character does not depend on whether it is discretionary.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sindram v. Suda
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.