Barts v. Joyner’s Empirical Analysis
865 F.2d 1187 · 1989
Citation profile
73 federal appellate · 1 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 168 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2018 · most notably Hartman v. Moore (2006), Lassiter v. Alabama (1994)
73 federal appellate · 1 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Malley v. Briggs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 168 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"`Good-faith' or `qualified' immunity is available as an affirmative defense to a wide variety of public officials.... In order to defeat a qualified immunity defense, the plaintiff `bears the burden of showing that "the legal norms allegedly violated by the defendant were clearly established at the time of the challenged actions."'"”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Harlow's 'clearly established' standard demands that a bright line be crossed.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“reasonable official would understand that what he is doing”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.