United States v. Gahagan’s Empirical Analysis
865 F.2d 1490 · 1989
Citation profile
69 federal appellate · 1 district · 14 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 121 later decisions — most recently October 2025 · most notably Ang v. Procter & Gamble Co. (1991), State v. Castagnola (2015)
69 federal appellate · 1 district · 14 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Leon · Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory · Bibby v. United States · Daniel v. Security Pacific National Bank · Maryland v. Garrison
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 121 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“but upon probable cause ... particularly describing the place to be searched....”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“whether the place to be searched is described with sufficient particularity as to enable the executing officers to locate and identify the premises with reasonable effort; and [second] whether there is a reasonable probability that some other premises may be mistakenly searched.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“firearms ... are tools of the drug trafficking trade....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.