Key v. People’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
44 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 44 later decisions — most recently August 2021 · most notably People v. Dunlap (1999), Blecha v. People (1998)
44 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Gideon v. Wainwright · United States v. Wade · Arizona v. Fulminante · United States v. Cronic
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Stages of criminal proceedings have been held to be 'critical where there exists more than a 'minimal risk' that the absence of the defendant's counsel might impair the defendant's right to a fair trial.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[Thhe State bears the burden of proving the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A] constitutional error is harmless when the 'evidence properly received against a defendant is so overwhelming' that such error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. Cohn · Golob v. People
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.