United States v. Roan Eagle’s Empirical Analysis
867 F.2d 436 · 1989
Citation profile
44 federal appellate · 3 district · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 81 later decisions — most recently August 2024 · most notably 24 Cal. 4th 243 - People v. Ayala (2000), United States v. Mayans (1994)
44 federal appellate · 3 district · 13 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1111 · 18 U.S.C. § 1112 · 18 U.S.C. § 1153 · 18 U.S.C. § 2
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · Giglio v. United States · Gregory Lumber Co. v. United States · 35 Cal. 3d 547 - People v. Beeman · United States v. Peoni
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 81 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[Batson analysis] need not necessarily be a lengthy process. If the trial judge is able to reach a determination on the basis of a short exchange between prosecutor and defense then that is the trial court’s perogative [sic]. The scope of [appellate review of Batson issues] is restricted to a determination of whether the trial court was ‘clearly erroneous’ in its factual basis and had a reasonable basis for concluding that the prosecutor’s explanation was racially neutral.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[O]nce the [exercising party] has advanced his racially neutral explanation, the [complaining party] should have the opportunity to rebut with his own interpretation.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We have adopted the definition of aider and abettor liability set forth by Judge Learned Hand, which requires that the alleged aider and abettor “in some sort associate [himself] with the venture, that [he] participate in it as in something [he] wishes to bring about, that [he] seek by [his] action to make it succeed.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.