Parate v. Isibor’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

23 federal appellate · 3 district · 5 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 80 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “assignment of a letter grade is a symbolic communication intended to send a specific message to the student . . . [and] is entitled to some measure of First Amendment protection.”

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Dambront v. Central Michigan University · Keen v. Penson

2. “A nontenured professor does not escape reasonable supervision in the manner in which she conducts her classes or assigns her grades. University officials remain free to review a professor’s classroom activities when determining whether to grant or deny tenure. The university may constitutionally choose not to renew the contract of a nontenured professor whose pedagogical attitude and teaching methods do not conform to institutional standards. The First Amendment concept of academic freedom does not require that a nontenured professor be made a sovereign unto himself.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Johnson-Kurek v. Abu-Absi · 353 F. Supp. 3d 651 - Smock v. Bd. of Regents of the Univ. of Mich.

3. “'is used to denote both the freedom of the academy to pursue its end without interference from the government ... and the freedom of the individual teacher . . . to pursue his ends without interference from the academy; and these two freedoms are in conflict.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 353 F. Supp. 3d 651 - Smock v. Bd. of Regents of the Univ. of Mich. · John C. Bonnell v. Albert Lorenzo, William Macqueen, and Gus J. Demas