Benzel v. Grammer’s Empirical Analysis
869 F.2d 1105 · 1989
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions — most recently January 2021 · most notably Washington v. Reno (1994), Beaulieu v. Ludeman (2012)
17 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 636
Relies on Wolff v. McDonnell · Bell v. Wolfish · Turner v. Safley · Sierra Club v. Morton · Pell v. Procunier
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) whether there is a valid, rational connection between the regulation and legitimate governmental interests put forward to justify it; (2) whether alternative means of exercising their rights remain open to the prisoners; (3) whether accommodation of the asserted rights will trigger a “ripple effect” on fellow inmates and prison officials; and (4) whether a ready alternative to the regulation would fully accommodate the prisoners’ rights at de minimis cost to the valid penological interest.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“subject to rational limitations in the face of legitimate security interests of the penal institution.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A prisoner has no right to unlimited telephone use.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.