United States v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
869 F.2d 348 · 1989
Citation profile
51 federal appellate · 5 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 92 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2022 · most notably Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993), Kelly v. State (1992)
51 federal appellate · 5 district · 15 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Young · Frye v. United States · Daniel v. Security Pacific National Bank · Gregory Lumber Co. v. United States · Truong Dinh Hung v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 92 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]f scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise, if (1) the testimony is based upon sufficient facts or data, (2) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods, and (3) the witness has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts of the case.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'a miscarriage of justice,' which 'implies the conviction of one who but for the error would have been acquitted.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A spectrogram is ... a graphic display of sound in three dimensions: frequency in hertz, time in seconds, and different levels of energy. Spectograms display the fundamental frequency (pitch) of a voice and its resonating characteristics, as well as rate of speech. Different formations of words result in different patterns on the spectrogram. Spectograms are made by transferring a recorded voice to a machine, called a sound spectrograph, that transforms the sounds on tape into electrical coordinates. These coordinates manifest themselves as different shadings on paper.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.