State v. Pena’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
384 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 387 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Valcarce v. Fitzgerald (1998), Bailey v. Bayles (2002)
384 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. United States Gypsum Co. · Bell v. Wolfish · United States v. Place · North Carolina v. Butler · Fare v. Michael C.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 387 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the situation to which the legal principle is to be applied is sufficiently new to the courts that appellate judges are unable to anticipate and articulate definitively what factors should be outcome determinative”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage“not adequately supported by the record, resolving all disputes in the evidence in a light most favorable to the trial court's determination.”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage“A mixed question involves 'the application of law to fact or, stated more fully, the determination of whether a given set of facts comes within the reach of a given rule of law.'”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.