¶1 Lorenzo Lewis, Texas prisoner #738181, appeals, pro se, the summary judgment dismissal of his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims. Lewis’s claims are reviewed de novo. E.g., Skotak v. Tenneco Resins, Inc., 953 F.2d 909, 912 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 832, 113 S.Ct. 98, 121 L.Ed.2d 59 (1992).
¶2 The use of black-box handcuff apparatuses to restrain prisoners during transportation is not violative of the Eighth Amendment. See Fulford v. King, 692 F.2d 11, 14 (5th Cir.1982). Lewis is not entitled to damages for any mental or emotional injury allegedly suffered when these restraints were applied to him in a vertical position, because any physical injury he suffered was de minimis. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(e); Alexander v. Tippah County, Miss., 351 F.3d 626, 631 (5th Cir.2003). Furthermore, because the use of such apparatuses does not offend the Constitution, Lewis is not entitled, under the Prison Litigation Reform Act, to their use being enjoined. See 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1)(A).
¶3 Finally, Lewis does not brief the issue whether the district court erred in not certifying a class action pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 23; therefore, that issue is waived. See Yohey v. Collins, 985 F.2d 222, 225 (5th Cir.1993).
¶4 AFFIRMED