Grubbs v. Norris’s Empirical Analysis
870 F.2d 343 · 1989
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 80 later decisions — most recently July 2022 · most notably Michigan State v. Miller (1997), State ex rel. First New Shiloh Baptist Church v. Meagher (1998)
32 federal appellate · 10 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · Donaldson v. United States · Trbovich v. United Mine Workers · Marathon Oil Co. v. United States · Thompson v. Thompson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 80 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the point to which the suit ha[s] progressed; (2) the purpose for which intervention is sought; (3) the length of time preceding the application during which the proposed intervenor knew or reasonably should have known of h[er] interest in the case; (4) the prejudice to the original parties due to the proposed intervenor’s failure after [s]he knew or reasonably should have known of h[er] interest in the case to apply promptly for intervention; and (5) the existence of unusual circumstances militating against or in favor of intervention.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“(1) timeliness of the application to intervene, (2) the applicant's substantial legal interest in the case, (3) impairment of the applicant's ability to protect that interest in the absence of intervention, and (4) inadequate representation of that interest by parties already before the court.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he proposed intervenors must meet four criteria before intervention by right is permitted: (1) the application for intervention must be timely; (2) the applicant must have a substantial, legal interest in the subject matter of the pending litigation; (3) the applicant’s ability to protect that interest must be impaired; and (4) the present parties do not adequately represent the applicant’s interest. The proposed intervenor must prove each of the four factors; failure to meet one of the criteria will require that the motion to intervene be denied.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.