United States v. Downs’s Empirical Analysis
870 F.2d 613 · 1989
Citation profile
17 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently May 2013 · most notably Pelletier v. Zweifel (1991), United States v. Frost (1997)
17 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002)
Relies on Bonner v. City of Prichard · Pereira v. United States · Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Stein v. Reynolds Securities, Inc. · Alimeg, Inc. v. Shlim
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) an intentional participation in a scheme to defraud a person of money or property, and (2) the use of the mails in furtherance of the scheme.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.