United States v. Gregory’s Empirical Analysis
871 F.2d 1239 · 1989
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently March 2024 · most notably Brown v. McLean (1998), Pinchback v. Armistead Homes Corp. (1990)
13 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Hazelwood School District v. United States · Verderber v. Cantello Plumbing Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“If the court finds that the respondent has intentionally engaged in or is intentionally engaging in an unlawful employment practice charged in the complaint, the court may enjoin the respondent from engaging in such unlawful employment practice, and order such affirmative action as may be appropriate, which may include, but is not limited to, reinstatement or hiring of employees, with or without back pay (payable by the employer, employment agency, or labor organization, as the case may be, responsible for the unlawful employment practice), or any other equitable relief as the court deems appropriate.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[p]roving isolated or sporadic discriminatory acts by the employer is insufficient to establish a prima facie case of a pattern or practice of discrimination; rather it must be established by a preponderance of the evidence that [unlawful] discrimination was the company’s standard operating procedure-the regular rather than the unusual practice.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]f admissions [as to existence of a policy] are credited, the Title VII violation had been proven.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.