United States v. Holzman’s Empirical Analysis
871 F.2d 1496 · 1989
Citation profile
76 federal appellate · 5 district · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 136 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2024 · most notably Horton v. California (1990), United States v. Ramos (1991)
76 federal appellate · 5 district · 10 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 18 U.S.C. § 510
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Chapman v. State of California · Illinois v. Gates · Wong Sun v. United States · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 136 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the fact finder's choice between them cannot be clearly erroneous.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“once an item in an individual's possession has been lawfully seized and searched, subsequent searches of that item, so long as it remains in the legitimate uninterrupted possession of the police, may be conducted without a warrant.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Exigent circumstances are those in which a substantial risk of harm to the persons involved or to the law enforcement process would arise if the police were to delay a search until a warrant could be obtained. The need for an immediate search must be apparent to the police, and so strong as to outweigh the important protection of individual rights provided by the warrant requirement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.