Adams v. Carroll’s Empirical Analysis
875 F.2d 1441 · 1989
Citation profile
62 federal appellate · 2 district · 38 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 155 later decisions — most recently August 2024 · most notably 15 Cal. 4th 1 - People v. Marshall (1997), State v. Stenson (1997)
62 federal appellate · 2 district · 38 state decisions — followed in 18 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Faretta v. California · United States v. Wade · Brewer v. Williams · Carnley v. Cochran · McKaskle v. Wiggins
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 155 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'Because a defendant normally gives up more than he gains when he elects self-representation,' the district court is required to make 'reasonably certain that he in fact wishes to represent himself.'”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“momentary caprice or the result of thinking aloud.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“acts as a backstop for the defendant's right to counsel, by ensuring that the defendant does not inadvertently waive that right through occasional musings on the benefits of self-representation.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.