Gross v. Winter’s Empirical Analysis
876 F.2d 165 · 1989
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 8 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably Negron-Gaztambide v. Hernandez-Torres (1994), 153 F. Supp. 2d 23 - Niedermeier v. Office of Baucus (2001)
15 federal appellate · 8 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 28 U.S.C. § 292 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Scheuer v. Rhodes · Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"Legislative duties” shall include the responsibilities of each member of the Council in the exercise of such member’s functions as a legislative representative, including but not limited to: Everything said, written or done during legislative sessions, meetings, or investigations of the Council or any committee of the Council, and everything said, written, or done in the process of drafting and publishing legislation and legislative reports.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the functions ... legislators exercise in making personnel decisions affecting [legislative aides] are administrative, not... legislative.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“which accords no weight to the duties of the employee”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.