Johnson v. Morel’s Empirical Analysis
876 F.2d 477 · 1989
Citation profile
118 federal appellate · 12 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 214 later decisions — most recently June 2018 · most notably Fields v. City of South Houston (1991), Pfannstiel v. City of Marion (1990)
118 federal appellate · 12 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · Graham v. Connor · Bell v. Wolfish · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 214 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) a significant injury, which (2) resulted directly and only from the use of force that was clearly excessive to the need; and the excessiveness of which was (3) objectively unreasonable.”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“To state a claim under the Equal Protection Clause, a § 1983 plaintiff must allege that a state actor intentionally discriminated against the plaintiff because of membership in a protected class.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]njuries which result from, for example, an officer’s justified use of force to overcome resistance to arrest do not implicate constitutionally protected interests. An arrest is inevitably an unpleasant experience. An officer’s use of excessive force does not give constitutional import to injuries that would have occurred absent the excessiveness of the force, or to minor harms. Nor can transient distress constitute a significant injury.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Wesson v. Oglesby · Dunn v. Denk
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.