United States v. Runnels’s Empirical Analysis
877 F.2d 481 · 1989
Citation profile
21 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently October 2006 · most notably United States v. Frost (1997), United States v. Dandy (1993)
21 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 29 U.S.C. § 501
Relies on Burks v. United States · Berger v. United States · Griffith v. Kentucky · McNally v. United States · Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[O]ne must read the indictment as charging Runnels with obtaining money for himself by devising a scheme which resulted in depriving the union members of their right to an honestly-run union. This clearly is an intangible rights theory.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“readily apparent that the government simply did not proceed on any theory other than a deprivation of 'intangible rights.' " The government's "post-hoc argument that this case proceeded on two theories,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Those cases in which a conviction was based entirely on the intangible rights theory have been overturned on McNally's authority.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.