Paroline v. Unisys Corp.’s Empirical Analysis
879 F.2d 100 · 1989
Citation profile
82 federal appellate · 68 district · 22 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 330 later decisions — most recently July 2019 · most notably Tomka v. Seiler Corp. (1995), 7 Cal. 4th 1238 - Turner v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc. (1994)
82 federal appellate · 68 district · 22 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson · Cooper v. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond · Liegl v. Webb · United States v. Dion
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 330 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) that the conduct was unwelcome; (2) that the harassment was based upon sex; (3) that the harassment was sufficiently pervasive or severe to create an abusive working environment; and (4) that some basis exists for imputing liability to the employer.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a]n individual qualifies as an 'employer' under Title VII if he or she serves in a supervisory position and exercises significant control over the plaintiff's hiring, firing or conditions of employment.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[The agent] need not have ultimate authority to hire or fire to qualify as an employer, as long as he or she has significant input into such personnel decisions”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.