United States v. Wolf’s Empirical Analysis
879 F.2d 1320 · 1989
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably United States v. Cooper (1991), United States v. Carnes (2002)
21 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1952A · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Chapman v. State of California · Edwards v. Arizona · Rose v. Clark · Michigan v. Jackson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“absent the improperly admitted confession, it is clear beyond a reasonable doubt that the jury would have returned a verdict of guilty.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“(1) whether the confession, although unlawfully admitted, was otherwise voluntary; and if so, (2) whether admission was harmless error.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[W]e find that on the facts of this case Roberson was violated: Wolf invoked her fifth amendment right to counsel at the arraignment; she remained in custody and did not consult with her attorney from that time until after she gave her statement; and the ATF agents, not Wolf, initiated the interrogation that resulted in the statement. Id. at 1322 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.