United States v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
879 F.2d 331 · 1989
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably United States v. Smitherman (1989), United States v. Ryan (1993)
36 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1111
Relies on Huddleston v. United States · Lawson v. Credithrift of America · Martin County, Florida v. Makemson Et Al.; And Okeechobee County, Florida v. Dennis Et Al. · Wakaksan v. United States · United States v. Fleming
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'malice aforethought' means [1] an intent, at the time of a killing, willfully to take the life of a human being, or [2] an intent willfully to act in callous and wanton disregard of the consequences to human life.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“‘[t]he sentencing judge is in a unique position to evaluate a defendant’s acceptance of responsibility. For this reason, the determination of the sentencing judge is entitled to great deference on review’ and should not be disturbed unless it is without foundation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The jury could infer from the act itself that [defendant] had the requisite malicious state of mind.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.