Maki v. Laakko’s Empirical Analysis
88 F.3d 361 · 1996
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions — most recently July 2025
6 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985 · 42 U.S.C. § 3601 (§ 801 of the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII, Civil Rights Act of 1968)) · 42 U.S.C. § 3604 (§ 804 of the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII, Civil Rights Act of 1968))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Griffin v. Breckenridge · Ashbrook v. Block · Selden Apartments v. United States Department of Housing & Urban Development · Soules v. United States Department of Housing & Urban Development
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(b) To discriminate against any person in' the terms, conditions, or privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith, because of race, color, religion, sex, familial status, or national origin.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) that plaintiff is a member of a protected class; (2) that plaintiff applied for and was qualified to rent or purchase certain property or housing; (3) that plaintiff was rejected; (4) that the housing or rental property remained available thereafter.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.